Basic English

Lesson 9

1.                Read and translate the text into Ukrainian

Computerizing a Database

As you have seen, you can set up a useful data base manually-and you do, whenever you create any kind of list or record or organize Information. But what happens when your collection of data gets really big? You start out with notes on a single index card. Gradually you accumulate a pile of index cards. You set up an organizational system and file the cards in a box. Before long there’s a second box, and then a third. Soon you need an index to your index cards in order to find information.

That’s where a computer and a database management system come in handy. A computer, as you know, is an ideal tool for collecting and manipulating data. A data-base management system, or DBMS, is a special program designed to enable you to manage data on a computer in a useful way. With a database management system, you can transfer the contents of your cards, notebooks, and file cabinets onto disks. Then you can use the computer to retrieve the data, organize it, update it, and even sort through it for specific information. Need an alphabetical list o all the players in your baseball card collection? A list of those players born in 1987? A list of shortstops? Tell the computer what you want. In seconds t pulls the information out of your data base and displays it on the screen.

The Advantages of Using Electronic Files

The larger and more complex your collection of data is, the more likely it is that you should set up electronic files. Sing them, you can store data more efficiently in much less space. You can retrieve information in much less time with much less trouble.

To get a better idea of the advantages of using electronic files, compare what happens when you try to find a book using a familiar data base-a library card catalogue-and a computerized data base-a computerized catalogue.

2.                Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Useful data base; organize Information; single index card; accumulate; management system; manipulating data; in a useful way; transfer the contents; to retrieve the data; an alphabetical list.

3.                Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1.                 Hi, Jane. Welcome to the party. (You, ever, meet) my cousin? 2. Hi, Jane. Welcome to the party. (You, visit)? 3. –(You, go out) last night? – Yes, I (go) to the cinema but I (not, enjoy) the film much. 4. –When (Mr. Clark die)? –About ten years ago. 5. They (not, invite) her to the restaurants, so she (not, go). 6. –(You, have) time to write the letter? – No, I (do). 7. –What (you, do) at the weekend? –I (not, do) anything. 8. I (see) Tom yesterday but I haven’t (see) him today.

4.                Translate into English:

1.                 Він був репортером до того, як став письменником. 2. Вони повернулися додому пізно. Діти вже заснули. 3. Учора вона ходила до зубного лікаря. 4. Томаса не було вчора на вечірці. Він домовився із Джин піти в кіно. 5. Минулого року ми їздили до Німеччини. До цього ми ніколи там не були. 6. Джек не хотів іти в кіно, тому що він уже подивився цей фільм. 7. Вони не були голодними. Вони тільки-но пообідали. 8. Учора я бачив Енн. Я не бачив її 5 років. 9. Перепрошую, я запізнився. Моя машина зламалася по дорозі сюди.

5.                Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

At the Doctor’s

Patient: How do you do, doc.!

Doctor: How do you do! Take the seat, please… Well, have you got the results o your stomach test on hand?

P: Yes, I have. Here you are.

D: Ah… Well, they are not quite good, rather, they are warning.

P: What do you mean? Warning about what?

D: I must say you’ll have ulcer very soon if you don’t change your way of life.

P: Is it so serious? What am I to do?

D: First of all, you should remain quiet in all situations of our daily life. You shouldn’t respond to its challenges, but you must respond to treatment.

P: You mean I should never be nervous on any occasion, don’t you?

D: That’s it. Then, your diet should be sparing.

P: Well, you know that I am a frugal eater.

D: I know that, but remember you mustn’t eat pork, fat, salt fish o any kind. You must exclude everything fried from your diet – potatoes, meat, fish, and eggs. But if you boil these foodstuff, you may eat them safely.

P: What about vegetables and fruit?

D: You may eat vegetables if they are fresh. But you mustn’t eat pickled vegetables. Besides, you may eat fresh apples for the time being, and other fresh fruit except bananas.

P: May I eat lemons?

D: Only in the tea if you like to drink tea with lemon.

P: Hoe about drinks?

D: If you mean soft drinks, take only mineral water after degassing it. As for strong drinks, you shouldn’t take beer or wine of any brand. You may have sometimes a small drink of whisky.

P: Well, I am in for a dull life, doc. What can I do to make it acceptable?

D: Observe my prescriptions and you’ll be in good health in the long run.

6.                Language work:

1)                Say the sentences using have to \ be to in the correct form to express obligation. Look up the words in the dictionary if necessary:

1.                 At our last lesson we … about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city. (написати)

2.                 At what time … I … there? ( бути)

3.                 She … early because she wasn’t feeling well. (піти)

4.                 If you fail the test, you … it again. (здавати)

5.                 She … at the age of 50 because of health problems. (піти на пенсію)

6.                 The man was armed and the police … him. (застрелити)

7.                 He had …. (піти у відставку)

8.                 Paola came from a wealthy family and she … not. (працювати)

9.                 … you … military service? (проходити)

10.            I … to avoid the truck. (звернути в сторону)

11.            We … all our files into floppy disks. (переписати)

12.            They … in June. (одружитися)

13.            I used my student card, so I … the full price. (платити)

14.            She spilled some coffee on the application form and I … it all again. (переписати)

15.            The computer crashed and deleted all my work. I … the essay all again. (почати)

2)                Say the sentences using shall or need where necessary.

1.                 … go to the cinema together?

2.                 You …\not\go there at once.

3.                 You … \not\to do the washing-up today.

4.                 … we dine out together?

5.                 … we get ready for classes together?

6.                 What document … we … to rent a flat in your country?

7.                 She … to work harder.

8.                 You … \not\to take a lot of things when you go on holidays.

9.                 …. I open the window?

10.            You …\not\to do any homework for Monday.

11.            I … stop a minute, just to get my breath back.

12.            … I make a copy for you?

13.            You … to be on your guard at the airport. There are a lot of pickpockets around.

14.            The cat looks as if it … goes to the vet.

15.            … the boy wait?

Lesson 10

1.                Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Setting Up a DBMS (Data-Base-Management-System)

Now that you know the advantages of electronic files, let’s set up a database management system in order to learn how one works. Assume that you are in charge of your school’s video library. You have access to a microcomputer and are interested in computerizing your ever-expanding catalogue. Since you already have a data base –a title and a subject card catalogue-you have a good idea of the information that people want and how they can best find it. After consulting with the computer lab instructor, you buy a DBMS. You’re ready to begin.

Before turning to the computer, you review the documentation that accompanies the program and become familiar with the terminology, or jargon, of a DBMS. You learn three important words: field, record, and file.

Field. A field is a single category of information in your data base. It can be made up of numbers, letters, or a combination of numbers and letters. You look at a catalogue card in your current data base and identify 11 fields, including type of movie, movie title, and call number.

Record. A record is a collection of fields. Each catalogue card with all its entries about a single movie is a record. Since your catalogue currently consists of title and subject cards, you have two records for each movie listed in your data base.

File. A file is a collection of related records. Your subject catalogue is one file; your title catalogue is another. Your DBMS will eliminate duplicate records and combine the two files.

2.                Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Advantages; electronic files; assume; interested in computerizing; consulting with the computer; terminology; your current data base; entries; related records; eliminate duplicate records.

3.                Find out which form-Past Simple or Present Perfect are correct in the following sentences:

1.                 Where’s your key? I don’t know. I (lose) it. 2. He (tell) me his name yesterday but I (forget) it. 3. Is Kathy here? No, she (go out). 4. I can’t find my bag. (You, see) it? 5. Ow! I (cut) my finger. It’s bleeding. 6. The road is closed. There( be) an accident. 7. The police (arrest) two men in connection with the robbery. 8. It was warm, so I (take off) my coat. 9. The food wasn’t very good. I (not, enjoy) it very much. 10. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I (not, disturb) her.

4.                Translate into English:

1.                 До того часу, як ми дісталися Бена, вечірка вже скінчилася. 2. Коли я вийшов з кіно, то виявив, що злодій украв мій радіоприймач у машині. 3. Коли кінозірка увійшла до ресторану, я її не впізнав, тому що не бачив фільмів з її участю. 4. Я не був голодний, тому що добре поснідав. 5. Після того як ми оглянули багато визначних місць, ми відчули себе трохи стомленими. 6. До того часу, як я дістався додому, мої батьки вже повечеряли.

5.                Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

English-speaking countries

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

Location: The British Isles; area: 244,100 sq. km.; population: over 55 mln.; capital: London; largest cities: London, Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester , Glasgow; Highest point: Ben Nevis 1, 343 m.; longest river: The Severn 350 km.; main languages: English; government: Parliamentary Monarchy.

The United States of America:

Location: the central North America; area: 9,364,000 sq. km.; population: over 260 mln.; capital: Washington; largest cities: New York, Los Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Boston.; highest point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m.; longest river: the Mississippi 5,900 km.; main languages: English; government: Federal Republic of 50 states.

Canada:

Location: North America; area: 9,922,230 sq. km.; population: over 27 mln.; capital: Ottawa; largest cities: Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver; highest point: Mount Logan 6, 050 m.; longest river: the Mackenzie 3,800 km; main languages: English, French; government: Federal Union of 10 provinces and 2 territories.

Australia:

Location: the Island continent of Australia; area: 7,688,884 sq. km; population: over 20 mln; capital: Canberra; largest cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane; highest point: Mount Kosciusko 2,280 m; longest river: the Murray (with the Darling 3, 750) km; main languages: English; government: Federal Union of 6 states and 2 territories.

6.                Language work:

1)                Giving or asking for advice say what people should or shouldn’t do. Use the words given bellow. Translate the sentences:

Take impose be visit be reported do avoid take worry leave do go work try be be late be neat tell come stay

1.                 You …in bed too late.

2.                 You … always on time.

3.                 You … for classes.

4.                 You … a taxi if you’re late.

5.                 You … clean and tidy.

6.                 You … tactful.

7.                 You … stupid things.

8.                 You … lies.

9.                 You … to bed early if you’re feeling tired.

10.            You … so much. Everything will be alright.

11.            You … as hard as possible.

12.            You … to do your best t become a good specialist.

13.            You … a chance to travel while you’re still young.

14.            You … making up your mind before you know all the facts.

15.            You … your children alone at home.

16.            He … his parents more often.

17.            All accidents … to the health and Safety officers.

18.            The drug … during pregnancy.

19.            What … I … if the baby starts crying?

20.            The courts … tougher punishment on offenders.

2)                Say the sentences using ought to for moral obligation:

1.                 If your friend is in trouble, you … help her.

2.                 If your friend is ill, you … visit her very often.

3.                 If you see a beggar, you … give him some coins.

4.                 If the child is asleep, you…\not\ make a noise.

5.                 It’s too late. The children … be in bed.

6.                 It’s your sister’s birthday. We … send her a present.

7.                 You … not \ speak too loudly in public.

8.                 You … not \ be lazy when everybody is working hard.

9.                 You … not \ smoke in the room when somebody is in.

10.            I think you were very rude and you … apologize.

11.            Do you think we … get permission before we do it?

12.            The government … spend more money on education.

13.            We … not \ use animals for experiments.

14.            The doctor told Dan he … exercise more.

15.            She … not \ drive if she’s been drinking.

Lesson 11

1.                Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Using Databases

Imagine getting the information you need by simply entering command or type on your computer keyboard. Many people do this. They use data-base management system-special software developed for record keeping-to create electronic files. Then the computer does all the work of sorting through the files to retrieve specific information. Data are facts or figures. A data base is a source of facts and figures-it is a collection of related information. A telephone directory is a data base. So is a dictionary… and a television program guide. These collection all differ from one another in both content and format.

Characteristics of a good data base:

A useful data base has four important characteristics.

The more complete a data base is, the more likely it is to have the information that you need. For example you’ll find Dave Winfield’s batting average only if you have his baseball card. You’ll be able to check your friend Jan’s telephone number only if you’ve listed it in your address book.

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