Basic English

Student 1: Do you know any other advantages of using computers?

Student 2: Yes. The best one, to my mind, is that computers make it possible to work from home. So they save us a lot of time.

Student 1: Really, computers are great thing. But what about disadvantages?

Student 2: First and foremost, computers can get viruses that can destroy the information stored in it.

Student 1: Software often has bugs, and sometimes computers crash. What is more, anyone can put information or images on the Internet, so it can be easily used by criminals to communicate with each other, or t send pornography (pictures, film, or writing that show sexual acts). There are no laws to stop this yet, and it is extremely difficult to police the Internet.

Student 2: I suppose, students shouldn’t spent too much time working or playing on computers.

Student 1: Quite agree with you. Some children spend too much time playing computer games, which can be very dangerous.

Student 2: Thanks a lot. I think that despite some disadvantages computers are really the wonders of the world.

6.                Language work:

1)                Say in English the sentences using reported speech:

1.                 Він запитав мене, скільки мені років.

2.                 Він запитав мене, чи є в мене телефон.

3.                 Він запитав мене, чи живу я зі своїми батьками.

4.                 Він запитав мене, де я працюю.

5.                 Він запитав мене, скільки часу я працюю на цій фірмі.

6.                 Вона сказала, що раніше багато подорожувала.

7.                 Вона сказала, що хворіє вже 2 неділі.

8.                 Мама сказала, що Аня приїжджає о 3 годині.

9.                 Вона запитала мене, о я робила в той час.

10.            Я сказала, що в той час я зайнята. Я роблю домашнє завдання.

2)                Say the sentences in English using embedded questions:

1.                 Чи не скажете, котра година?

2.                 Цікаво, де він був вчора.

3.                 Ви не знаєте, відмінили збори?

4.                 Скажіть, будь ласка, о котрій годині відправляється наступний потяг.

5.                 Цікаво, банк відчинений у неділю?

6.                 Ви не знаєте, він прийде на збори?

7.                 Чи не можете ви сказати, які питання будуть обговорюватися на зборах?

8.                 Цікаво, як ви отримали цю інформацію.

9.                 Цікаво, як вона проживає в цій країні?

10.            Вибачте,я не знаю де знаходиться ця вулиця.

Lesson 14

1.                Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Electronic Mail

Did you ever have to go out in the rain to mail a letter that couldn’t wait? Have you ever received a letter weeks late because it had been mysteriously ‘lost’ in the mail? If so, you will be very happy to know that electronic mail is here.

What exactly is electronic mail? It’s just what you’d imagine: the sending of messages electronically by computer. Here’s how it works.

Suppose that you are a subscriber to the Source of CompuServe. You have ten friends who subscribe as well. A few months ago, you lent one of these friends a record. You want the record back, but you can’t remember who has it. Using a microcomputer and a modem, you plug into the information service’s network of subscribers. Once you are on-line, you send the same message to all ten of your friends.

Your message is stored in your friends’ ‘electronic mailboxes’. These mailboxes are nothing like those that are used by the U.S. Postal Service. They are simply storage locations in the information service’s computer system. When your friends come on-line, they will check to see if they have any mail. When they do, your message will appear on the screen.

Not all electronic mail delivery is tied to an information service like The Source or CompuServe. In fact, organizations already exist that specialize in delivering electronic mail. MCI Mail and EasyLink are two examples. Subscribers to these electronic-mail services can send messages around the world on their computer. In addition, the addressee doesn’t even need a computer to receive mail through one of these services. Both will transmit a letter most of the distance electronically, then print and send it the rest of the distance either by mail or by courier.

2.                Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Electronic mail; sending of messages electronically; subscriber; the record back; a modem; network of subscribers; electronic mailboxes; storage locations; come on-line; transmit a letter.

3.                Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1.                 When he was young, Ron (bring) up by his grandparents. 2. While I was on holiday, my camera (steal). 3. Where (these photographs, take)? 4.All fights (cancel) because of fog. 5. I (accused) of stealing money. 6. I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn’t realize our conversation (record). 7. When we entered the classroom the test (write) by the students. 8. When we got to the stadium, we found that the game (cancel).

4.                Define which form of will or going to is correct in the following sentences:

1.                 I (go) to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 2. I think Jane (get) the job. She has a lot of experience. 3. I can’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine (come) to see me. 4. – Have you decided where to go for your holiday? – Yes, we (visit) Italy. 5. There’s no need to be afraid of the dog. It (hurt) you. 6. Don’t worry about your exam. I’m sure you (pass) it. 7. Why don’t you try on this jacket? It (look) nice on you. 8. You must meet Ann sometimes. I think you (like) her. 9. It’s raining. Don’t go out. You (get) wet. 10. I wonder what (happen).

5.                Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

The United States of America

The USA is the name of the country composed of 50 states joined in a federal republic. It is one of the world’s largest countries (after Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the area over 9 mln square km and has a population of about 260 mln people. Representatives of different nationalities live there. English is the official language of the country.

The flag of the USA has 13 red and white stripes-representing the original 13 states – and 50 stars – for each of the 50 states of the country in our days. The capital of the country is Washington, named after the first president of the USA. The other largest cities are New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Los Angeles.

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. Among the most important manufacturing industries are aircraft, computer techniques – hardware and software, cars, television sets, furniture. Electronic and electric engineering, transport, communication can be found almost in all large cities of the USA.

The United States is a democracy. It means that the Constitution, laws and traditions of the USA give the people the right to decide who will be the leader of the nation, who will make the laws and what the laws will be. The Constitution guarantees individual freedom to all.

6.                Language work:

1)                Read the sentences and report what someone says using the necessary reporting verb: order, advise, encourage, remind, persuade, promise, apologize, refuse, deny, admit.

1.                 ‘It’s really a very good job for you. a) They offered her a very good job.

Will you accept it?’

2.                 ‘We’ll fix your computer in two days.’ b) They … to fix my computer in two days.

3.                 ‘I’ll do it by all means.’ c) She … to do it by all means.

4.                 ‘I’m sorry. I’ve been rude to you.’ d) She … … … to me.

5.                 ‘I think you ought to go to the doctor.’ e) She … me to go to the doctor.

6.                 ‘You shouldn’t be afraid to speak English.’ f) She … me to speak English.

7.                 ‘If you work hard, you will be a success.’ g) She … to work hard.

8.                 ‘I won’t pay anymore.’ h) She … to pay me anymore.

9.                 ‘I will give you the sum of money.’ i) He … to give me the money.

10.            ‘I didn’t steal the money.’ j) He … … the money.

11.            ‘I think I’m wrong.’ k) He … … wrong.

12.            ‘Your warranty is out of date. We can’t l) They … to repair it free.

Repair it free.’

Lesson 15

1.                Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Computers in Business, Industry and Agriculture

Computers have revolutionized the business world. As the cost of computer technology has decreased, more and more businesses have ‘gone computer’. Computers are no longer limited to factories, banks, and big corporations. Small companies, retail stores, law firms, employment agencies, supermarkets, and even many farms now use computers. In fact, according to a recent study, now four out of every five workers use a computer as part of their job.

Computers in the office.

In large and small offices alike secretaries use word-processing to write letters and reports. Managers switch on their desktop computer to help them prepare spreadsheets and graphic displays. Accountants and bookkeepers use computer power to help them manage company finances.

Computer systems are used to manage company records, to send electronic mail, and to tie into data banks. Electronic networks link computer users who are located in the same building or across the country.

Computers serve a broad range of manufacturing purposes. For example, if you were a supervisor in a large factory, you might have a computerized control system to help you keep track of continuously running machinery.

Computers are also used to monitor the temperature and pressure of production processes. For example, in a chemical plant or power-generating station, computers may be connected to regulating devices. If the temperature or pressure rises or falls too much, the computer instantly signals the regulating device. The device then makes the needed adjustment-automatically.

2.                Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:

Revolutionize; computer technology; computers are no longer limited; according to a recent study; desktop computer; prepare spreadsheets; graphic displays; manage company records; electronic networks; control system.

3.                Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1.                 I (bear) in Chicago. Where (you, bear)? 2. The police (give) the information after the accident (happen). 3. I (offer) the job but I refused it. 4. The men (pay) 1.000 to do the work. 5. Mrs. Johnson is very proud of her new grandson who (bear) last week. 6. My family live in Scotland but I (educate) in France. 7. The bridge (destroy) during the flood.

4.                Translate into English:

1.                 Ти можеш мені допомогти з французьким перекладом? – Звичайно, я допоможу тобі. 2. Ти хочеш піти зі мною за покупками, я йду до торгового центру. 3. – Ким ти хочеш стати, коли виростеш? – Космонавтом. 4. – Хто хоче стерти з дошки? – Я зроблю це. 5. Подивись на ці чорні хмари. Буде дощ. 6. Мабуть, Том прийде о шостій вечора. 7. Я гадаю, Енн сподобається подарунок, який ми їй купили.

5.                Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

English as a means of international communication

One of the reasons why a lot of people all over the world learn English is that English has taken the positions of the world language. It means that:

-750 million people all over the world use it;

-it has become the language of the planet;

-it’s the first truly global language;

-it’s the main language of business, sports, science;

-it’s one of the richest languages;

-there are many borrowings from English in other languages;

-three quarters of the world’s mail are in English;

-English is the world’s computer language.

6.                Language work:

1)                Translate into Ukrainian and pay attention at the infinitive used in the sentences:

1.                 To prolong doubt was to prolong hope.

2.                 To wash in icy water was awfully unpleasant.

3.                 To bring the experiment to an end they had to work the night through.

4.                 Tom opened the window to let the spring air in.

5.                 In order to see the performance better we will take opera glasses.

6.                 This Texan is difficult to understand.

7.                 Our house is easy to find.

8.                 This water isn’t safe to drink.

9.                 He wasn’t an interesting person to talk to.

10.            The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.

2)                 Translate from Ukrainian into English using infinitive:

1.                 Здається, Джулія дуже зайнята сьогодні.

2.                 Сталося так, що у мене з собою недостатньо грошей.

3.                 Виявилось, ніхто не знає останніх новин.

4.                 Робота виявилась важчою, ніж ми очікували.

5.                 Здається, він втратив смак до життя.

6.                 Здається, Джек безробітний вже кілька місяців.

7.                 Виявилось, що містер Джонсон чесна людина.

8.                 Він точно намагатиметься уникнути розмови.

9.                 Дженіт, напевно, перекладе вину на когось іншого.

10.            Навряд чи йому дали шанс.

Lesson 16

1.                  Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Mainframes

Mainframes are the fastest computers, and use the largest storage system. As a result, they can solve more complex problems and handle more information than can any other category of computer. Mainframes are also the largest computers. Most of them are housed in several large cabinets.

Some mainframes do a single job, such as copying and storing the information generated by a laboratory experiment. Others perform many different tasks.

Hundreds of people may be logged on a large mainframe at the same time. Such users are said to be timesharing. In this situation, the mainframe appears to be processing information for all the users every instant. However, the computer is actually switching rapidly from program to program, doing a small amount of work on one, and then hurrying to another.

The fastest mainframes are called supercomputers. These machines are used for major projects, such as the design of aircraft, the study of weather system, and the design and analysis of drug molecules. Supercomputers are few in number because they are extremely expensive. Supercomputer users-mostly scientists and engineers at large scientific installations-sometimes run programs by means of long-distance telephone networks. The fastest supercomputers are parallel computers. They are fast because they have dozens or even hundreds of microprocessors that operate at the same time. Each processor works on a separate piece of a program. Minicomputers and super minis have many of the capabilities of mainframes, but they are smaller, less expensive, and less powerful.

2.                  Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Mainframes; the fastest computers; the largest storage system; handle more information; perform many different tasks; processing information; supercomputers; major projects; extremely expensive; parallel computers.

3.                  Translate into English:

Страницы: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7