Basic English

1.                 Цей будинок збудовано в 1980 році. 2. У цій кімнаті вчора прибирали. 3. – Ти ходив на вечірку? – Ні, мене не запросили. 4. Спочатку книгу було написано французькою мовою, а потім перекладено іспанською. 5. Коли Рон був маленький, його виховували дідусь і бабуся. 6. Де було зроблено ці фотознімки. 7. Усі польоти відмінили через туман. 8. Я гадав, що наша розмова записується. 9. Я народився в Чикаго. А де народився ти? 10. Мені запропонували роботу, але я відмовився. 11. Їм заплатили за роботу 100 доларів. 12. Міст було зруйновано під час грози. 13. Скільки запитань тобі поставили під час іспиту? 14. Шлях закрили кілька днів тому. 15. Новий будинок купили за 100 тисяч доларів.

4.                  Translate into English:

1.                 – ти йдеш за покупками? – Так, я збираюся купити щось на вечерю. 2. – Алло! Можна поговорити із Джимом? – Я покличу його. 3. Не хвилюйся за лист, який ми загубили. Я впевнений, що ти знайдеш його. 4. Сьогодні ввечері я йду на вечірку. Підеш зі мною? 5. – Ви вже вирішили, куди поїдете у відпустку? – Так, ми збираємося поїхати до Англії. 6. Не хвилюйся за результати іспиту. Я впевнена, що ти його складеш. 7. Іде дощ. Не виходь, бо промокнеш.

5.                  Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Environmental protection

Abilities and powers of man are increasing now. Technological progress allowed to use nuclear, chemical, laser, biological, and other machines and technologies instead of hand-operated and mechanical techniques. However, scientific and technological progress, as a rule, was separated from social progress. Such approach has let a man use the means negative consequences of which are globally destructive. 100 billion tons of minerals are mined annually, and more than 90% of them go in waste. Amount of oxygen, consumed by certain countries, already exceeds its manufacture by the plants of these countries. Tropical forests-main ‘lungs’ of the Earth-is more than 40% felled. The speed of its felling is more than 20 hectares per minute. Almost one thousand of species of animals and 25 thousand species of plants are now under the threat of extinction. Recently medicine has aced the problems of worsening natural ecological conditions, chronic stresses, reduction of immunity, change of nutrition ration, and many other factors, unknown by now. Felling forests, pollution of environment by industrial waste and automobiles have already caused global warmth on the planet. Misuse of pesticides, mineral fertilizers, water pollution, impact of Chernobyl accident on the people-this is not a complete list of the factors determining dangerous changes in human organism and growth of diseases and death rate. Man is now using permissive principle and its trying to take everything from his life today. Mankind has driven itself into a dead-end… However, we still have an exit from it. The quality of man’s life is impossible without solving ecological problems: preservation of genetic fund of flora and fauna, preservation of clean and productive natural environments (atmosphere, hydrosphere, soils, and forests), preservation of ozone. Only having realized that the reason of the ecological crisis which burst in the 20 century was lack of unity of Man and Nature, civilization can achieve progress.

6.                  Language work:

1)                Translate from Ukrainian into English using the infinitive:

1.                 Вона не чекала, що її син повернеться так рано.

2.                 Вони хотіли, щоб я взяла участь у дискусії.

3.                 Я не можу уявити тебе одягнутою в таку сукню.

4.                 Ми не хочемо примушувати тебе жити тут.

5.                 Ви винайдете новий метод.

6.                 Постарайтесь примусити його пояснити, що відбувається в домі.

7.                 Чарльз чекав, щоб двері відчинились.

8.                 Ми бачили, що шторм наближається дуже швидко.

9.                 Я чув, хтось грав на фортепіано в сусідній кімнаті.

10.            Я не можу дозволити, щоб таке сталось.

2)                Finish the sentences using the infinitive and translate the sentences into English:

1.                 Dick is always the first (жалітися) when anything goes wrong.

2.                 The captain was the last person (покидати) the sinking ship.

3.                 Who was the last (пішов з) the building on Friday?

4.                 Douglas isn’t the man (залякати) easily.

5.                 There is some packing (зробити).

6.                 There was nothing (видно) in the passage.

7.                 There is nothing (боятися).

8.                 I’ve got kids (турбуватися).

9.                 He had no home (піти).

10.            Here is the problem for you (вирішити).

Lesson 17

1.                  Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

CD-ROM

A CD-ROM is the same size, and works in the same way, as an audio compact disc. On one side of the CD-ROM are tiny pits and flat spaces that represent 0’s and 1’s. A laser device uses a beam of light to ‘read’ the disc, producing bit charges. Most new PC’s have a built-in CD-ROM drive to play the discs.

A standard CD-ROM can store about 650 megabytes, roughly equivalent to 325000 pages of double-spaced typewritten text. Because of their high capacity, CD-ROM’s are the primary means of distributing multimedia programs. Such programs combine several forms of information-text, illustration, animation, and sound.

A kind of optical disc called the DVD appeared in 1996. A DVD is the same size as a CD-ROM but can store much more information. A DVD stores data on one or more sides. Capacities range to a total of 17 gigabytes for storage on both sides. The DVD requires a special drive, which can also play CD-ROMs.

Yet another kind of storage disc, called a platter. Works like a CD-ROM, but is much larger and can hold many gigabytes of data.

Platters are expensive, so most of them are used by businesses, government agencies, and institutions for storing large databases.

Tape drives, that is used to store data works in much the same way as audio cassette tapes. Tape drives are much slower than disc drives are. The main use of type drives for file storage is to back up information stored oh hard discs.

2.                  Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Works in the same way; an audio compact disc; flat spaces; a laser device; producing bit charges; to play the discs; roughly equivalent; high capacity; combine several forms; storage disc.

3.                  Use the correct form of Past Simple or Continuous in the following sentences:

1.                 The film wasn’t very good. I (not, enjoy) it very much. 2. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I (not, disturb) her. 3. I was very tired, so I (go) to bed early. 4. The bed was very uncomfortable. I (not, sleep) very well. 5. Sue wasn’t hungry, so she (not, eat) anything. 6. We went to Kate’s house but she (not, be) at home. She (study) at the library. 7. They (have) dinner from 2 to 3. 8. It was a funny situation but nobody (laugh). 9. The window was open and bird (fly) into and out of the room. 10. The hotel wasn’t very expensive. It (not, cost) very much.

4.                  Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1.                 He (play) tennis on Monday afternoon. 2. She (go) to the dentist on Tuesday morning. 3. They (have) dinner with Ann on Friday. 4. What (you, do) on Sunday evening? I (go) to the theater. 5. What time (Cathy, arrive) tomorrow? At 10.30. I (meet) her at the station. 6. I (not, work) tomorrow, so we can go out somewhere. 7. Tan (not, play) on Saturday. He’s hurt his leg. 8. What (you, go) to do on Saturday evening?

5.                  Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Shopping

Last year I was in Great Britain on an exchange student’s trip. On my last day in London I went shopping to Oxford Street, as it is one of the busiest trade centers in London. The shops in Great Britain are always well stocked but the prices are too high. Most of the people were wandering from one department to another looking at various articles on the counters and rails.

First I bought some souvenirs for my relatives, I bought some English books, an umbrella for my sister, a pullover for my brother and a woolen skirt for my mother. Then I made some purchases for myself. In the shoe department I tried on a pair of shoes. They were not too expensive and looked great. Unfortunately, they pinched a little, so I asked for another pair, a size larger. The shoes were just my size and I took them. Then I bought a raincoat, which fitted me perfectly and was very much in the latest style. I also wanted to buy a shirt for my father but the one I liked very much was too loud for him in my opinion. I found it hard to choose a scarf as there was a great variety of them and I was at a loss which one to take. I also bought some souvenirs for my friends in the souvenirs department. So, it was a great shopping day for me.

6.                  Language work:

1)                Read and write the following cardinal; numerals:

- 3; 13; 30; 4; 14; 40; 5; 15; 50; 2; 12; 20; 8; 18; 80.

- 21; 82; 35; 44; 33; 55; 96; 67; 79; 41; 53; 22.

- 143; 258; 414; 331; 972; 205; 101; 557; 999; 313.

- 1 582; 7 111; 3 013; 5 612; 2 003; 9 444; 4040.

- 15 500; 57 837; 45 971; 92 017; 65 331; 11 443.

-235 142; 978 218; 106 008; 321 103; 627 344; 552 331.

-1 352 846; 4 125 963; 35 756 394; 257 382 761.

2)                Form, read and write ordinal numerals from the following:

a)                 7; 4; 8; 9; 5; 12; 3; 2; 1; 13; 15; 11; 10.

b)                20; 21; 30; 32; 40; 43; 50; 54; 60; 75; 80; 98.

c)                100; 120; 125; 200; 230; 231; 300; 450; 563; 892.

Lesson 18

1.                  Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Computer Networks

The communication of data over telephone lines and by radio is one of the most important and influential uses of computers. Using modems, people can send texts and graphic files, exchange messages, and search databases over worldwide computer networks. As more of the world’s information is digitized, more people seek access to the global ‘digital library’. The combination of computers, modems, databases, and communications lines has become known as the information superhighway.

The World Wide Web consists of tens of millions of documents, databases, bulletin boards, and electronic publications, such as newspapers, books, and magazines. Much of the information has been converted from print into digital form, but even more has been created specifically for the Web.

Every site on the Internet-whether a World Wide Web site or not-has a computer address is known as the site’s uniform resource locator (URL). Using software that connects to the Internet-called navigation or browser software-a computer operator can select a URL that contains information the operator wishes to examine. The computer then contacts that address, making the information available to the operator.

Computers can connect to the Internet through local access providers, computer services that operate in most communities. The user pays the provider a monthly fee. To gain access to the Internet, the user contacts the provider via modem. The provider then connects the user to the Internet.

On-line services are commercial computer networks to which subscribers pay monthly or hourly fees. The largest on-line services have millions of subscribers. Most services provide news, bulletin boards, databases, games, software libraries, and other features, often including Internet access.

2.                  Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Communication; telephone lines; using modems; exchange messages; search databases; worldwide computer networks; information is digitized; seek access; information superhighway; a computer operator.

3.                  Use the correct form of Past Simple or Continuous in the following sentences:

1.                 Who (cook) the cakes when Sue (phone)? 2. I don’t want to go to the zoo today because it is raining. The same thing happened yesterday. I (want, not) to go to the zoo because it (rain). 3. I (call) Roger last night, but he (be, not) at home. He (play) tennis. 4. He (cry) a lot when he was a baby. 5. I often see Mike. I (see) him again only yesterday. 6. As teenagers, we always (understand) each other very well. We still understand each other. 7. I hardly (know) Ray’s wife. Did you know her at all? 8. We always meet on Sunday. We (meet) last Sunday from 5 to 7 o’clock. 9. I often find things on the beach. I (find) this very old bottle yesterday. 10. Someone’s always leaving that window open. Who (leave) it open last time?

4.                  Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1.                 The train (leave) Plymouth at 11.30 and (arrive) in London at 14.45. 2. What time (the film, begin)? 3. It (be) Wednesday tomorrow. 4. I (start) my new job on Monday. 5. What time (you, finish) work tomorrow? 6. What time (you, meet) Ann tomorrow. 7. What time (you, leave) tomorrow? 8. What time (the train, leave) tomorrow? 8. I (go) to the cinema this evening. 9. The film (start) at 8.15 this evening.

5.                  Language work:

1)                Answer the following questions:

1.                 How much is 17 plus 19?

2.                 How much is 25 plus 32?

3.                 How much is 120 plus 205?

4.                 How much is 13 minus 4?

5.                 How much is 200 minus 45?

6.                 How much s 7 multiplied by 8?

7.                 How much is 42 divided by 6?

2)                 Read and write out in words the following common and decimal fractions:

a)                 1/7; 1/5; 1/9; 1/3; 1/12; 1/15; 1/25; 3/8; 2/5; 4/7; 9/23; ¾; 5/9; 1 3/40; 1 3/5; 2 5/7; 5 1/3; 4 1/6.

b)                3.5; 2.34; 12.3; 52.51; 0.1; 0.25; 0.302; 132.054; 5.37; 6.4.

Lesson 19

1.                  Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

The Computer Industry

The manufacture, development, sales, and servicing of computer hardware and software make up one of the largest industries in the world. The United States has the world’s largest computer industry, employing more than 2 million people. The United States also have more computers than any other country. Japan ranks second in number of computers.

Manufacturing. From a few dozen companies in the early 1960’s, the computer industry has grown to more than 10 000 firms throughout the world. These companies manufacture computers and such peripheral equipment as modems and printers. They also develop and publish software and provide computer supplies, such as magnetic discs. Many companies make computer components, including processors. Others make the boards and cables used to create networks.

In the mid-1990’s total annual sales of computer hardware and software in the United States exceeded 200$ billion. The largest computer manufacturer in the United States-and the world-is International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), the Hewlett-Packard Company ranks second. Other leading U.S. computer makers include Digital Equipment Corporation, Dell Computer, Apple Computer Inc., Compaq Computer Corporation, and Sun Microsystems Incorporated.

The largest computer manufacturers outside the United States are Fujitsu and NEC Corporation, both o Japan. The leading computer companies in Europe include Group Bull of France and Siemens AG of Germany. The largest software company in the Unites States and the world is Microsoft Corporation.

2.                  Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Manufacture; servicing of computer hardware and software; largest industries; the computer industry; peripheral equipment; publish software; magnetic discs; computer components; leading computer companies; printers.

3.                  Which form of Past simple or Past Continuous is correct in the following sentences:

1.                  It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun (shine). The birds (sing). 2. I am sitting in class right now. I (sit) in class at this time yesterday. 3. –(You, go) out last night? – Yes, I (go) to the cinema but I (not, enjoy) the film much. 4. When (Mr. Nickolson die)? About ten years ago. 5. I (not, listen), so I missed what the teacher said. 6. They (not, invite) her to the party, so she (not, go). 7. We stayed because we (enjoy) ourselves. 8. – (You, have) time to write the letter yesterday? – No, I (do). 9. –What (you, do) at 6 o’ clock yesterday?- I 9not, do) anything special. 10. I work in travel agency now. Before that I (work) in shop.

4.                  Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1.                 I (go) to the theater this evening. 2. (The film, begin) at 3.30 or 4.30? 3. We (have) a party next Saturday. 4. The art exhibition (open) on 15 of June and (finish) on 15 August. 5. I (not, go out) this evening. 6. – (You, do) anything tomorrow morning? – No, I’m free. I (stay) at home. 7. They (go) to a concert tonight. It (begin) at 7.30.

Lesson 20

1.                Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:

Computer Security

Many people fear that their right to privacy is threatened by the possible misuse or unauthorized disclosure of information in computer databases. Certain databases hold private and personal information, such as medical, banking or tax records. Others contain business plans or inventions that a company wishes to conceal from competitors. Still others store top-secret military information and other kinds of data important to a nation’s security. Laws limit the disclosure of information in databases, and operating systems are designed to prevent unauthorized entry into a computer. Many computers require a user to enter a secret password. In addition, some computer systems automatically scramble information so it can be decoded by authorized personnel. But, computer crimes still occur. Industrial spies and thieves often use telephone lines to gain access to computers. Some of these criminals steal or change the information in a computer database. Others steal money by transferring funds electronically. In the late 1980’s computer experts became aware of a dangerous type of program called a computer virus. A computer virus s designed to do mischief, sometimes by deleting or changing information and sometimes by simply inserting a message. A virus can enter a computer’s operating system via a modem, a floppy disc, or a CD-ROM. A virus can spread through a network. Antivirus programs are available to prevent viruses.

2.                Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Fear; right to privacy; threatened; possible misuse; certain databases; personal information; contain; to conceal from competitors; top-secret military information; automatically scramble information.

3.                Which form of Past simple or Past Continuous is correct in the following sentences:

1.                 He (work) in the garden all weekend. 2. We (invite) them to our party but they (decide) not to come. 13. The police (stop) me on my way home last night. 4. She (pass) her examination from 6 to 7 yesterday. 5. I (be) angry because they (be) late. 6. Jack and Sue (constantly, improve) their farm before they moved. 7. (The weather, be) good when you (be) on holiday? 8. They weren’t able to come because they (be) so busy.

4.                Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:

1.                Excuse me. What time (this train, get) to Moscow? 2. I’m bored with this film. When (it, finish)? 3. My wife has an appointment with the doctor. She (see) dr. Mike next Tuesday. 4. Sam has already made his plans. He (leave) at noon tomorrow. 5. What (you, go) to do this afternoon? After lunch I (meet0 a friend of mine. We (go) shopping. 6. The museum (open) at ten tomorrow morning. 7. Classes (begin) next week. 8. John’s plane (arrive) at 6.05 p.m. next Monday. 9. I (take) four courses next semester. 10. My brother’s birthday is next week. I (give) him a sweater.

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